Which type of brakes operate based on the trailer's momentum?

Surge brakes are specifically designed to utilize the momentum of the trailer to operate effectively. When a trailer is towed, and the towing vehicle decelerates, the trailer pushes forward due to inertia. Surge brakes utilize this forward motion by employing a hydraulic system that is activated when the trailer's hitch assembly moves forward relative to the towing vehicle. This action compresses the hydraulic mechanism and engages the brakes on the trailer, thereby creating a braking effect that responds to the weight and speed of the trailer.

This system is advantageous because it does not rely on the electrical system of the towing vehicle and automatically adjusts braking force based on how hard the towing vehicle slows down or stops. This results in smoother and more controlled braking, enhancing safety without requiring manual engagement of the brake system.

In contrast, electric brakes rely on an electrical connection to engage brake pads, while disc and drum brakes are mechanical systems that don’t directly respond to the trailer's momentum in the same dynamic way as surge brakes do. Understanding surge brakes is crucial for ensuring that trailer braking is responsive and proportional to the towing vehicle's actions, making them a practical choice for many trailer setups.